June 18, 2024
Researchers in the UK have made a major genomic discovery that could help millions of people suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other immune disorders.
IBD is a condition where the immune system attacks the intestines. The two main types of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
The Cause of IBD is Found
The scientists found a section of DNA that controls genes in immune cells linked to inflammation in the body. They liken this section to a volume control that, when turned up too high, increases the activity of a gene called ETS2. Too much ETS2 activity is linked to IBD. This same process also seems to be involved in other immune system problems that affect the spine, liver and arteries.
A Particularly Important Discovery for Canada
A 2023 study showed that Canada has one of the highest rates of IBD in the world, with cases nearly doubling from 389 per 100,000 people in 2002 to 636 per 100,000 in 2014. The study estimated the rate in 2023 to be 825 per 100,000 and that 320,000 Canadians are living with IBD. This uptick is largely being driven by an increase in the number of children with IBD.
Existing Medications May Bring Relief
The researchers also discovered that a type of anticancer drugs, called MEK inhibitors, reduce ETS2 activity and inflammation. Tests on samples from IBD patients showed promising results, however MEK inhibitors can cause side effects for other organs. To make these drugs safer, scientists are now working adapting them to target only the section of DNA that causes IBD.
Clinical trials must still be completed, but the scientists are hopeful that testing new treatments can be done quickly, possibly within the next five years. This genomic breakthrough not only helps us understand IBD better but also opens new treatment possibilities, offering hope to many affected by these conditions.
Sources: https://www.theguardian.com/society/article/2024/jun/05/bowel-disease-hope-researchers-find-biological-pathway
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10478802/#:~:text=A%200.82%25%20prevalence%20represents%20322%2C600,470%2C000%20Canadians%20living%20with%20IBD.
