December 09, 2024
British Columbia’s forests face many challenges.
Climate change is bringing hotter, drier conditions, weakening trees and making them vulnerable to pests and diseases. These threats, including invasive species from other parts of the world, can spread rapidly, devastating ecosystems and economies.
But genomics offers a lifeline. Scientists are using genomics to develop solutions that strengthen the forestry sector and make it more sustainable.
Fighting Pests and Disease with DNA
Identifying these threats early is critical. Invasive species and diseases cause irreversible damage and lead to estimated economic losses of $800 million annually.
A collaborative project called BIOSAFE, funded by Genome BC, Genome Canada and Genome Québec with researchers from the University of British Columbia and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, has developed portable, rapid genomics tests to identify four of the major invasive species that threaten our forests. These tests allow forest health professionals to take samples from insects or infected plants and quickly identify the problem. Early detection can eliminate threats at the source and is an efficient way to prevent future invasions.
Breeding Stronger Trees
Genomics is not just about fighting threats; it’s also about building resilience.
Scientists at Simon Fraser University, working alongside the BC Ministry of Forests, delved into the genetic code of ponderosa pine trees, a valuable timber species threatened by drought. They identified genes associated with drought tolerance, paving the way for breeding programs to select and cultivate trees that can flourish in increasingly harsh conditions. This research has also produced the first genomic resources for ponderosa pine, further enhancing our understanding of this important species.
Perfecting Partnerships
These types of results are only possible through strong partnerships between researchers, industry and government. For instance, UBC scientists working with Canfor, a major BC forestry company, have identified a way to more quickly and affordably determine the ratio of spruce, pine and fir in a woodchip pile. This may allow mills to sort materials more efficiently for downstream products. This kind of collaboration ensures that research findings are put to practical use, benefiting both industry and the environment.
By understanding the DNA of our trees and the threats they face, we are developing solutions that will safeguard our forests for generations to come.
This article appears in Genome BC’s 2023/24 Annual Report. View the whole report here.
