Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a critical public health issue in British Columbia, with more than 100 new cases each year. BC has made strong progress in reducing transmission through treatment and prevention programs, but recent data shows a small rise in new infections. This project, in partnership with the Public Health Agency of Canada, aims to better understand how HIV is spreading in BC and develop new strategies to reduce new cases.

A key challenge is identifying the remaining sources of new infections and addressing them effectively. Many recent cases aren’t part of known transmission groups, suggesting some may be linked to people infected outside BC. Some of the most concerning clusters also span multiple regions, highlighting the need for coordinated approaches across jurisdictions.

This project will use advanced genetic analysis, supported by artificial intelligence and machine learning, to more accurately trace the origin of new infections and guide public health action. By identifying which groups are at highest risk and where new cases originate, prevention tools like Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis or “PrEP” can be better targeted and resources directed where they will have the greatest impact.

The expected outcome is a clearer picture of HIV transmission in BC, enabling more focused and effective interventions. This work supports the UNAIDS goal of reducing AIDS‑related deaths and new infections by 90% by 2030 and aligns with the shared goal of the Public Health Agency of Canada and the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS to control HIV in the province. Reducing new infections will also lower healthcare costs and improve the quality of life for people affected by HIV.