Fusion genes, formed when two genes merge, are key drivers of cancer growth and serve as important targets for diagnosis and treatment. Identifying these genes is critical, particularly for cancers such as sarcomas and pediatric tumours. The discovery of fusion genes has led to life-saving treatments, including ALK inhibitors for certain lung cancers and NTRK inhibitors for tumours with NTRK fusions.

Traditional testing methods, such as fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), can only detect common fusion genes, often missing rarer but clinically significant ones. More advanced technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), provide a more comprehensive view, identifying nearly all types of fusion genes. Among these, hybrid capture RNA sequencing is one of the most effective approaches, capable of detecting over 99% of gene fusions.

Currently, testing methods for fusion genes vary between British Columbia and Alberta. In B.C., many laboratories rely on older techniques such as FISH or small-scale NGS tests, which can miss critical fusions, resulting in delays or the need for testing outside the province. In contrast, Alberta uses broader NGS panels, providing more comprehensive detection.

To address these inconsistencies, a new partnership between B.C. and Alberta aims to enhance fusion gene testing in both provinces. Vancouver General Hospital in BC will introduce a hybrid capture RNA sequencing test capable of detecting over 500 fusion genes. Alberta Precision Laboratories will expand its NGS capabilities with a custom hybrid capture Pan-Cancer Fusion Panel. Through the exchange of tumour samples, both provinces will ensure their testing methods are accurate, reliable and consistent.

This collaboration will improve the speed, accuracy and accessibility of fusion gene testing for cancer patients in both provinces. By standardizing testing approaches, the project aims to enhance cancer care and foster continued cooperation in cancer diagnostics. The findings will be shared widely to help advance fusion gene testing across Canada and beyond.