January 29, 2020
What is Indigenous knowledge and how can it influence policy and practice today? Six panelists came together to discuss this issue at the Canadian Science Policy Conference in a session organized by Genome BC and the Federation of Social Sciences and Humanities.
Sometimes it seems that the separate labels placed on Indigenous knowledge and western science give the impression that these are always distinct. In reality, Indigenous knowledge is evolving and can take in learnings from western science. The reverse is also true. It was clear from discussions that Indigenous ways of thinking offer complete knowledge systems that can add to western approaches for the benefit of all Canadians. These systems place high value on the importance of relationships, between generations and between humans and the environment. Indigenous systems reflect more circular thought processes than the linear approaches typically seen in agencies and organizations led from a western school of thought.
The diversity of Indigenous communities in Canada should not be forgotten, however some common barriers exist. The western industries of policy, research and science have created generations of experts whose voices rise to the surface. Perhaps what is needed for Indigenous and western approaches to co-exist, is for Indigenous Peoples to be recognized as true experts on their own communities, with value to bring to the table, not as token participants or consultees, but as partners in reciprocal dialogue.
Some of the latest projects supported by Genome BC are taking the time to build relationships before moving forward in research; responding to challenges or opportunities in indigenous communities and incorporating perspectives, knowledge and interests in the outcome. Examples include work towards a sustainable aquaculture industry on the west coast of Vancouver Island, the establishment of northern B.C.’s first BioBank and Silent Genomes – seeking to address potential healthcare inequities for indigenous peoples while also ensuring indigenous-led governance over indigenous samples and data.
While there is a broad diversity of Indigenous communities in Canada, common values and barriers exist. And there is much work to be done. Addressing structural change starts with a change in attitudes respecting that cultural sensitivity and building trust takes time. Indigenous People experience a power imbalance, and systemic barriers at every level that continue to prevent full participation in policymaking and practice. Relationship building, however, generates trust and ensures that Indigenous knowledge and ways of thinking are shared. Genuine engagement with Indigenous communities takes time. Recognition and acknowledgement of this needs to be reflected by all — including funding agencies. This will require a rethink of project evaluation and research expectations. We also need to recognize, whether researcher, funder or policymaker, that for First Nations, the relationship does not end when a project ends or when funding runs out – it is a long-term commitment bound by a genuine relationship.
Photo Left to Right; Gary Bull, Stephen Cross, Vanessa Watts, Nadine Caron, Manon Tremblay, Pitseolak Pfeifer, Kim TallBear
